Elizabeth I Research Paper Essay

I, OverviewElizabeth I (kn experience simply as Elizabeth until the accession of Elizabeth II 7 folk 1533 24 March 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Some eons c eached The Virgin world-beater, Gloriana or Good power Bess, Elizabeth was the 1-fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The girl of Henry VIII, she was born(p) a princess, still if her m separate, Anne Boleyn, was penalize both and a half(prenominal) eld subsequently her birth.1Elizabeth was a antithetic kind of Queen quick-witted, clever and satisfactory to use feminine wiles to get her receive way. Elizabeth could be as ruthless and work out as some(prenominal) king in front her besides at the same time she was vain, sentimental and easily swayed by flattery. She desire to surround herself with attractive people and her portraits were guardedly vetted to extend to sure that no corporal flaws were ever revealed. She relied upon the minister s close to her provided would cense them with her indecision It consumes me weary of life, remarked one. Faced with a dilemma for example whether or non to sign the achievement warrant of bloody shame Queen of Scots Elizabeth would busy herself with other matters for months on end. Only when the patience of her ministers was test short would she be forced to make up her mind. She had a formidable intellect, and her curt tongue would quickly settle any argument in her favour.2II,Early lifeElizabeth was the only child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, who did not bear a male inheritor and was executed less than three years after(prenominal) Elizabeths birth. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Palace and was named after both her grand engenders, Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard.5 She was the assist child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy. Her mother was Henrys second wife, Anne Boleyn. When Elizabeth was two years and eight months old, her moth er was executed on 19 May 1536.8 Elizabeth was decl bed outlaw(a) and deprived of the title of princess1 seed WikipediaElizabeth is favorably contrasted to her half-blood sister, bloody shame I but she was lucky to live coarseer than her. Her ahead of time life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the peck seemed truly slight once her half brother Edward was born in 1537. She was then third base in line behind her romish Catholic half-sister, Princess bloody shame. Roman Catholics, indeed, always considered her illegitimate and she only narrowly escaped execution in the wake of a failed insurrection against Queen bloody shame in 1554. Elizabeth succeeded to the bottom on her half-sisters death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in six-spot langu bestrides), and had ancestral intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents. 3III, Elizabeths Reign2Her 45-year curb is generally considered one of the most glorious in side of meat history. During it a secure Church of England was established. Its doctrines were primed(p) down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise between Roman universality and Protestantism. Elizabeth herself refuse to make windows into mens souls in that respect is only one Jesus saviour and all the rest is a controversy over trifles she asked for outward uniformity. Most of her subjects original the compromise as the basis of their faith, and her church settlement probably saved England from ghostly wars like those which France suffered in the second half of the 16th century. Although autocratic and capricious, Elizabeth had astute semi policy-making judgement and chose her ministers well these included Burghley ( deposit of State), Hatton (Lord Chancellor) and Walsingham (in rouse of intelligence and also a Secretary of State). Overall, Elizabeths administration consisted of some 600 bump officials administering the keen offices of state, and a similar number traffic with the Crown lands (which funded the administrative costs).Social and economical regulation and law and order remained in the hands of the sheriffs at local level, support by unpaid justices of the peace. Elizabeths master also saw many put up voyages of discovery, including those of Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, particularly to the Americas. These expeditions prepared England for an age of colonisation and trade expansion, which Elizabeth herself recognised by establishing the East India Company in 1600. The humanities flourished during Elizabeths reign. Country houses much(prenominal) as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built, miniature painting reached its noble point, theatres thrived the Queen attended the first execution of Shakespeares A Midsummer nighttimes Dream. Composers such as William Byrd and Thomas Tallis worked in Elizabeths court and at the Chapel Royal, St. throngs Palace.The image of Elizabeths reign is one of triumph and su ccess. The Queen herself was lots called Gloriana, Good Queen Bess and The Virgin Queen. Investing in expensive costume and jewellery (to look the part, like all contemporary sovereigns), she cultivated this image by touring the country in regional visits know as progresses, often riding on horseback rather than by carriage. Elizabeth do at least 25 progresses during her reign. However, Elizabeths reign was one of considerable insecurity and difficulty for many, with threats of usurpation from Spain finished Ireland, and from France through Scotland. Much of northern England was in rising in 1569-70. A papal tomentum of 1570 specifically released Elizabeths subjects from their allegiance, and she passed harsh laws against Roman Catholics after plots against her life were discovered. One such plot involved Mary, Queen of Scots, who had fled to England in 1568 after her second husbands murder and her subsequent marriage to a man believed to have been involved in his murder.As a likely renewal to Elizabeth, Mary spent 19 years as Elizabeths prisoner because Mary was the focus for rebellion and possible character assassination plots, such as the Babington Plot of 1586. Mary was also a temptation for effectiveness invaders such as Philip II. In a letter of 1586 to Mary, Elizabeth wrote, You have planned to impart my life and ruin my kingdom I neer proceeded so harshly against you. contempt Elizabeths reluctance to take forceful action, on the insistence of sevens and her advisers, Mary was tried, found guilty and executed in 1587. In 1588, aided by expectant weather, the English navy scored a considerable victory over the Spanish invasion fleet of around 130 ships the Armada. The Armada was mean to overthrow the Queen and re-establish Roman universality by conquest, as Philip II believed he had a claim to the English sight through his marriage to Mary. During Elizabeths long reign, the nation also suffered from high prices and operose econom ic depression, especially in the countryside, during the 1590s.The war against Spain was not very successful after the Armada had been beaten and, together with other campaigns, it was very costly. Though she kept a awful rein on government expenditure, Elizabeth leftover large debts to her successor. Wars during Elizabeths reign are estimated to have cost over 5 million (at the prices of the time) which Crown revenues could not contact in 1588, for example, Elizabeths total annual revenue amounted to some 392,000. Despite the confederacy of financial strains and prolonged war after 1588, Parliament was not summoned more often. at that place were only 16 sittings of the Commons during Elizabeths reign, five of which were in the period 1588-1601. Although Elizabeth freely utilise her power to veto legislation, she avoided oppositeness and did not attempt to define Parliaments constitutional position and rights. Elizabeth chose neer to marry.If she had chosen a foreign princ e, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages (as in her sister Marys marriage to Philip of Spain) marrying a fellow countryman could have drawn the Queen into factional infighting. Elizabeth employ her marriage prospects as a political tool in foreign and domestic policies.However, the Virgin Queen was presented as a selfless woman who sacrificed personal ecstasy for the good of the nation, to which she was, in essence, married. young in her reign, she addressed Parliament in the so-called Golden Speech of 1601 when she told mononuclear phagocyte system There is no jewel, be it of never so high a price, which I set before this jewel I mean your love. She seems to have been very best-selling(predicate) with the vast majority of her subjects.III, OverallOverall, Elizabeths always shrewd and, when necessary, decisive leadership brought successes during a period of great danger both at home and abroad. She died at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603, h aving become a story in her lifetime. The date of her accession was a national holiday for two nose candy years.3 Elizabeth was a master of political science. She inherited her fathers supremacist view of the monarchy, but showed great wisdom by refusing to straight off antagonize Parliament.She acquired undying devotion from her advisement council, who were constantly perplexed by her array of waiting to the last minute to make decisions (this was not a deficiency in her makeup, but a tactic that she used to advantage). She used the various factions (instead of being used by them), playing one off another until the exhausted combatants came to her for resolution of their grievances. a few(prenominal) English monarchs enjoyed such political power, firearm still maintaining the devotion of the whole of English society.2Resources Information1http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_EnglandMarriage_question 2 http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/elizabeth_i_01.shtml 3htt p//www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/kingsandqueensofengland/thetudors/elizabethi.aspx